Her courtesy and hospitality are real, but she has no patience for the girls' disrespect. Pecola faints from the pain, and when she wakes she can't remember what happened. It is also possible that Miss Mary Mack comes from the slang meaning of mack for a "pimp" or "flirting," dating back to the late 1800s. Find related themes, quotes, symbols, characters, and more. That resulted in "the media exaggerating their descriptions by turning the line into an impregnable fortified position that would seal the frontier". The sisters go to the Breedlove home, but no one is there. The specification of the defences was very high, with extensive and interconnected bunker complexes for thousands of men; there were 45 main forts (grands ouvrages) at intervals of 15km (9.3mi), 97 smaller forts (petits ouvrages) and 352 casemates between, with over 100km (62mi) of tunnels. PDF downloads of all 1699 LitCharts literature guides, and of every new one we publish. LitCharts Teacher Editions. French military chiefs were dubious about their ability to win another war against Germany on its own, especially an offensive war. The German Army, having reformulated their plans from a repeat of the First World War-era plan, became aware of and exploited this weak point in the French defensive front. To be used as a basis for a counter-offensive. Some of the larger ouvrages were converted to command centres. When she is getting ready to give birth to her second child, the doctor tells a group of students that with black women, there is never any trouble, because black women deliver right away and with no pain, just like horses. [20] Faced with a manpower shortage, French planners had to rely more on older and less fit reservists, who would take longer to mobilise and would diminish the French industry because they would leave their jobs. When the girls witness Miss Marie's ugliness first hand, their misunderstood notion of what it means to be "ruined" is fully recognized. [31] Stephen Ambrose wrote that in January 1945, "a part of the line was used for the purpose it had been designed for and showed what a superb fortification it was." It was a series of bunkers, forts, turrets, and obstacles that spanned more than 450 miles of France's border with Germany. Continue to start your free trial. As they walk around the side of the building to try the side door, they encounter The. [27] For economic reasons, the success of the strategy of la guerre de longue dure would at the very least require Britain to maintain a benevolent neutrality, preferably to enter the war as an ally as British sea power could protect French imports while depriving Germany of hers. This section, like the sections on Pauline and Cholly, shows a preoccupation with geneology and ancestry. March 1, 2023, SNPLUSROCKS20 As a young boy, Cholly has a great friend in old Blue Jack, an older black man who works at the feed store. Cholly knows nothing of love and little of faithfulness or family. Your group members can use the joining link below to redeem their group membership. The ninth of eleven children, as a child she is all but ignored by her family. The moment with the doctors is crucial, and is yet another scene in which we can study the gaze and how it functions. [17] As long as the French occupied the Rhineland, it served as a type of collateral under which the French would annex the Rhineland in the event of Germany breaching any of the articles of the treaty, such as rearming in violation of Part V; this threat was powerful enough to deter successive German governments all through the 1920s from attempting any overt violation of Part V.[18] French plans as developed by Marshal Ferdinand Foch in 1919 were based on the assumption that in the event of a war with the Reich, the French forces in the Rhineland were to embark upon an offensive to seize the Ruhr. What does it communicate about the Breedlove household? World War I absolutely devastated France. The Maginot Line named after Andre Maginot, the defense minister who initiated its construction was intended to act as a deterrent, as well as protect the vulnerable 200-mile border from . The French had been building state-of-the-art fortresses and fortified cities along the German border for centuries. They would be supplemented by reservists who lived in the local area and who could be quickly mobilised in an emergency. The fear in the little white girl's eyes suggests she has been taught to fear black people. This chapter emphasizes the ignorance and confusion that accompany Friedas experience of becoming a sexual being. [22], French planning for war with Germany was always based on the assumption that the war would be la guerre de longue dure (the war of the long duration), in which the superior economic resources of the Allies would gradually grind the Germans down. Complete your free account to request a guide. Then another neighbor, Miss Dunion, came in and suggested that they take Frieda to the doctor because she might be ruined, a fear that now makes Frieda weep. Between 1930 and 1940, the Maginot Line Construction cost France a total of 3 billion francs. She invites the girls upstairs for a soda, but Frieda tells her that they are not allowed to visit her because she is "ruined." To put this geography into perspective, Germany is not much bigger than the state of Wisconsin. Thanks for creating a SparkNotes account! You'll be able to access your notes and highlights, make requests, and get updates on new titles. She learns that Mr. MacTeer has beaten up Mr. Henry and kicked him out of the house. Following the First World War, the French government and military officials feared another war with Germany would occur sometime in the future. Through the window they see Mr. Henry inside with, legs and an ugly face. They fought for four years in WWI, but were done in a week in WWII." [41] Kaufmann and Kaufmann comment that it was an unintended consequence of Andr Maginot's efforts to "focus the public's attention on the work being done, emphasising the role and nature of the line". "The Maginot Line would have done just fine against a German army with no tanks, airplanes or heavy artillery," says Kirchubel, all of which were banned inside Germany after WWI. Made up of a series of locations spanning over 3 kilometres, the Schoenenbourg Maginot Line fort was entirely self sufficient, with . SparkNotes PLUS The problem was that Maginot Line, a great line of fortifications that spanned France's borders with several neighbors, was essentially a glorified trench. creating and saving your own notes as you read. Elihue's own education brings him into contact with the Western canon, but in these great works he understands only what he wishes to see. Both static and mobile artillery units were assigned to defend the Maginot Line. The insinuation that Frieda might be "ruined" does not make Mrs. MacTeer angry at Frieda; the wrath of Frieda's mother is directed entirely at Miss Dunion. Czechoslovakia also feared Hitler and began building its own defences. Based on France's experience with trench warfare during World War I, the massive Maginot Line was built in the run-up to World War II, after the Locarno Conference in 1925 gave rise to a fanciful and optimistic "Locarno spirit". [19] Part of the rationale for the Maginot Line stemmed from the severe French losses during the First World War and their effect on the French population. Claudia's assumption that sexual interaction always feels good suggests an innocence that Frieda no longer has. He is a pedophile who loves to touch little girls. The Maginot Line tells them she works at a big white lakefront house. After a long series of failures in his studies and migration, Elihue has settled in Lorrain and become the local fortune teller/sorcerer. to start your free trial of SparkNotes Plus. On a Saturday in spring, Claudia goes inside and finds Frieda crying. [37] In support, Roth commented that the French strategy envisioned one of two possibilities by advancing into Belgium: "either there would be a decisive battle in which France might win, or, more likely, a front would develop and stabilise". The family does not pay Pauline the last bit of money they owe her. Winston Churchill. The fortifications were built as a result of experiences from the . Did you know you can highlight text to take a note? His mother vanishes, and his father had already skipped town before Cholly was born. They also misinterpret Mrs. MacTeer's words and attempt to avert Frieda's "ruin," misunderstanding the words of adults. However, after France had failed to counter the German remilitarisation of the Rhineland, Belgiumthinking that France was not a reliable allyabrogated the treaty in 1936 and declared neutrality. . Maginot Line. The blocks contained infrastructure such as power stations, independent ventilating systems, barracks and mess halls, kitchens, water storage and distribution systems, hoists, ammunition stores, workshops and spare parts and food stores. Cholly searches for father figuresfirst, in Blue Jack, and then in his biological father. The third person narrator points out that for the cavity to have grown, the conditions for it to fester must have been in placea clear metaphor for the social forces that have trapped Pauline in a hard and joyless life. The moment where she loses her tooth in the movie theatre is painful: juxtaposing Pauline as an awkward, gap-toothed, pregnant black woman to the idealized (and illusory) image of Jean Harlow on the screen shows the power of these images to destroy a black woman's belief in her own beauty. These anti-tank obstacles extended from end to end in front of the main works, over hundreds of kilometres, interrupted only by extremely dense forests, rivers, or other nearly impassable terrains. | The local grocer, a middle-aged white immigrant. The little white girl is dressed in delicate pink and has yellow hair. She then tells the girls that they can wait with her until Pecola is back, offering them pop to drink while they wait. Because no human looks at her, she cannot conceive of her own worth and eventually loses the ability to maintain her own basic sense of identitySoaphead Church's use of Pecola for his own ends is the final step in the unraveling of her sanity. A rapid advance through the forest and across the River Meuse encircled much of the Allied forces, resulting in a sizeable force having to be evacuated at Dunkirk leaving the troops to the south unable to mount an effective resistance to the German invasion of France.[3]. Dave Roos Considered by many to be an expensive failure, a symbol of French . on 50-99 accounts. The strategy was that the Maginot Line would blunt any invasion and allow time for mobilisation and counterattack by allied forces. Her family, looking for a better life, migrates from Alabama to Kentucky while she is a girl. They nerfed breaking through the line to the nth degree honestly. As a mature women, she has a different understanding of the word from that of the innocent girls, which makes it more painful and triggers her violent reaction. Instant PDF downloads. Frieda ran from the house to find her parents, who were in the garden, and told them what had happened. You go around it. [35] The idea was shelved. The enemy's position would be communicated to a cluster of 78 fire control stations that coordinated the French defense from hilltop outposts. Frieda equates being "ruined" to being like the Maginot Line, because she heard her mother say that the Maginot Line was a "ruined" woman. [18] The British and Italian governments refused in subsequent diplomatic talks to define "flagrant violation", which led the French to place little hope in Anglo-Italian help if German military forces should reoccupy the Rhineland. Members will be prompted to log in or create an account to redeem their group membership. Instant PDF downloads. The last line of defense was the Maginot Line's massive ouvrages, each large enough to hold 500 to 1,000 permanent troops. The activity described include the combing of the little white girl's hair, dressing her, drawing a baththe kind of simple activities Claudia was expected to participate in with her own little blonde doll. He has also acquired the nickname Soaphead Church. His rape of Pecola is motivated by hatredthe text says explicitly that he despises his daughter for loving him because he is painfully aware of his failures. 7 turrets for mixed weapons + mortar of 50mm (2.0in). The officers' corps by no means acknowl-edged defeat. She slaps Pecola twice, even though the cobbler has burned her legs, demonstrating her disdain for her own child. The French had been building state-of-the-art fortresses and fortified cities along the German border for centuries. From front to rear (east to west), the line was composed of: 1. 14. Static defensive positions were therefore intended not only to buy time but to economise on men by defending an area with fewer and less mobile forces. This passage foretells the sexual violence and oppression experienced by the female characters of The Bluest Eye. The third-person narrator returns to fill in details about Pauline Breedlove's life, in a section that also has passages narrated first-person by Pauline. Origin of Marie. This chain of faulty reasoning leads to their decision to procure whiskey for Frieda. The Maginot Line is a vast remembrance of why a purely defensive strategy is not the most effective way to protect a country. (including. While Mrs. Breedlove goes to get the wash, a very young white girl appears and reacts with fear when she sees the three girls. Want 100 or more? A white, comparatively wealthy girl who lives next door to the MacTeers. By asking Frieda if she just sat there, Claudia displays her ignorance of the realities of male oppression of women. How much did the Construction of the Maginot line cost? Drink while they wait his father had already skipped town before Cholly was.!, but no one is there pain, and when she wakes she ca remember! 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