Rampton. During lower flows the Trent and its tributaries are heavily influenced by effluent returns from sewage works, especially the Tame where summer flows can be made up of 90% effluent. The largest of these is the River Tame, which contributes nearly a quarter of the total flow for the Trent, with the other significant tributaries being the Derwent at 18%, Soar 17%, the Dove 13%, and the Sow 8%. [114], This was a particular problem in Stoke-on-Trent and the growing towns of the Potteries. [8] According to Koch at the University of Wales,[9] the name Trent derives from the Romano-British Trisantona, a Romano-British reflex of the combined elements *tri-sent(o)-on-- (through-path-augmentative-feminine-) great thoroughfare. Newark Navigation Commissioners were created, with powers to borrow money to fund the construction of two locks, and to charge tolls for boats using them. At Besthorpe near Newark, breeding pairs of little egrets and grey herons have been observed. These lower reaches are protected from tidal flooding by a series of floodbanks and defences. February 27, 2023 endeavor air pilot contract No Comments . [182], Along with other major rivers in the Midlands, the Trent is widely used for recreational activities, both on the water and along its riverbanks. [69][70][71], In the lower tidal reaches the Trent has a high sediment load, this fine silt which is also known as warp', was used to improve the soil by a process known as warping, whereby river water was allowed to flood into adjacent fields through a series of warping drains, enabling the silt to settle out across the land. These levels extend across the Trent valley, and include the lower reaches of the Eau, Torne and Idle. (Until the late 18th century, a long period of stagnation for economic and technical reasons limited the number of bridges over the Trent; it has been noted that relatively few bridges were constructed in England on new sites anywhere between around 12501300 and 1750. [136][137], Other managed wetland sites along the river include Beckingham Marshes, Croxall Lakes, Drakelow, and Willington Gravel Pits. Cities and towns on or close to the river include: Prior to the mid-18th century there were few permanent crossings of the river with only four bridges downstream of the Tame confluence: the old medieval bridges at Burton, Swarkestone, Nottingham (known as Hethbeth Bridge) and Newark, all first built by 1204. The River Tamar is situated in south west England and forms a natural border between the counties of Devon and Cornwall. Today, Torksey is an ordinary Lincolnshire village that lies alongside the River Trent and astride the busy A156. [91] Eventually in 1805, they reached an agreement with Henshall & Co., the leading canal carriers, for the closure of the river above Wilden Ferry. Similar facilities were present in 1870 on the water meadows at Burton-on-Trent, which also had its own swimming club. Recorded at 1230hrs on 8 November 2000 highest discharge since 1 September 1958. The river starts life at Wooley Moor near Bude in Cornwall, just four miles south of the Bristol Sea coast. Such conditions occurred in February 1977, with widespread flooding in the lower reaches of the Trent when heavy rain produced a peak flow of nearly 1,000m3/s (35,000cuft/s) at Nottingham. Rainfall is Annual Average 196190 for the catchment to the Gauging Station, Tributary names from Ordnance Survey maps added where list amalgamated river reaches, River Order 1 being closest to Trent Falls, Ripper, S. and Cooper L.P., 2009, The Hemington Bridges: "The Excavation of Three Medieval Bridges at Hemington Quarry, Near Castle Donington, Leicestershire", Leicester Archaeology Monograph, Holme Pierrepont National Watersports Centre, National Watersports Centre at Holme Pierrepont, "Historical channel-floodplain dynamics along the River Trent", "Midlands Catchment Flood Management Plans", "University of Wales Trinity Saint David", "The Trent Valley: palaeochannel mapping from aerial photographs", "Stanhope, Sir Thomas 1540-96 of Shelford", "River Trent Catchment Flood Management Plan Chapter 2", "Environment Agency What's in your Backyard", "River Trent Catchment Flood Management Plan Chapter 3", "Geological Evolution of Central England with reference to the Trent Basin and its Landscapes", "The BGS Lexicon of Named Rock Units Gunthorpe member", "The Lower and Middle Palaeolithic Occupation of the Middle and Lower Trent Catchment and Adjacent Areas, as Recorded in the River Gravels used as Aggregate Resources", "River Trent: Archaeology and Landscape of the Ice Age", "The BGS Lexicon of Named Rock Units - Trent Valley Formation", "River Trent Catchment Flood Management Plan Chapter 2 Part1", "River Trent Catchment Flood Management Plan Scoping Report, Part 5", "28095-Tame at Hopwas Bridge Spatial Data Rainfall", "Climate tables Climate region:England 1961-90", "Hi flows UK AMAX Data for: Trent at Colwick (28009)", "1947 U.K. River Floods:60-Year Retrospective", "Hi Flows UK AMAX Data for: Trent at Stoke (28040)", "Hi Flows UK AMAX Data for: Trent at Great Haywood (28006)", "Hi Flows UK AMAX Data for: Trent at Yoxall (28012)", "Hi Flows UK AMAX Data for: Trent at Drakelow (28019)", "Hi Flows UK AMAX Data for: Trent at Shardlow (28007)", "Hi Flows UK AMAX Data for: Trent at North Muskham (28022)", "Willington C Gas Pipeline Environmental Statement, Volume 1, Chapter 7, Hydrology, Hydrogeology and Flood Risk Assessment", "Alluvial Archaeology in the Vale of York", "Chesterfield Canal Trust History of the Restoration", "Nottingham Left Bank Flood Alleviation Scheme Flood Risk Assessment", "Reassessing flood frequency for the River Trent through the inclusion of historical flood information since AD1320", "County floods remembered by Nottinghamshire Archives and Picture the Past", "Hull and north Lincolnshire floods clean-up begins", "East Staffordshire Strategic Flood Risk Assessment Level 1 Report", "The Annual RPI and Average Earnings for Britain, 1209 to Present (New Series)", British Waterways, River Trent Water Freight Feasibility Study, p11, "Ports and wharves of North Lincolnshire", "Freighter-Celtic-Endeavor-aground-and-refloated". The Trent is the third-longest river in the United Kingdom. The engineer for the Manchester Ship Canal, Sir Edward Leader Williams, was commissioned to survey the river, while negotiations with the North Staffordshire Railway, who owned the Trent and Mersey Canal and had maintained its viability, ensured that some of the clauses from previous Acts of Parliament did not prevent progress. [162] One of the earliest known fords was the crossing at Littleborough, constructed by the Romans it was paved with flagstones, and supported by substantial timber pilings. It shall not wind with such a deep indent, [11], The now tidal river meanders across a wide floodplain, at the edge of which are located riverside villages such as Carlton and Sutton on Trent, Besthorpe and Girton. At Newark, cargo such as wool, coal, grain and timber was unloaded on the wharves and stored in warehouses. These floods revealed the need for a tidal protection scheme, which would cope with the flows experienced in 1947 and the tidal levels from 1954, and subsequently the floodbanks and defences along the lower river were improved to this standard with the works being completed in 1965. The most important in terms of the river are the extensive sandstone and limestone aquifers that underlie many of the tributary catchments. During the 1950s, however, the same problem of effluent dilution that occurred in Stoke began to become significant in Birmingham and the Black Country. River Trent through Nottingham. Together these contain the majority of the 6 million people who live in the catchment.[29]. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=River_Trent&oldid=1132366164, This page was last edited on 8 January 2023, at 14:59. The River Great Ouse meanders through some of the prettiest towns and villages in Cambridgeshire. [116][171], At Stapenhill near Burton, there were similar calls for a new bridge, a tally of usage showed that the foot ferry was being used 700 times per day. The tipping point being the introduction of piped water and a basic sewer network, which meant that effluent, which was previously stored in cesspits, was carried away through drains into the nearest brook.[112][113]. It also incorporates the iconic Howden, Derwent and Ladybower Reservoirs. [149], The Domesday catalogue showed that there were many successful mills and fisheries along the Trent. The second and third largest are the Derwent and the Dove respectively; together these two rivers drain the majority of Derbyshire and Staffordshire, including the upland areas of the Peak District. Its source is in Staffordshire on the southern edge of Biddulph Moor. [95], Frank Rayner, who had been with the company since 1887, and had served as its engineer and later general manager since 1896, died in December 1945. Raising finance was difficult, but some was subscribed by the chairman and vice-chairman, and construction of Cromwell Lock began in 1908. The current state of knowledge and proposals for future research", "Cavendish Bridge Conservation Area Appraisal and Study", "Coal-Fired Power Plants in East England & the Midlands", "Strategic Priorities for Water Related Recreation in the Midlands", "Burton-upon-Trent: Social and cultural activities", "Tom Milner swims 139 miles in nine days", "Tom Milner completes River Trent Challenge", "National Water Sports Centre About Us", "Report on the investigation of Nottingham Princess striking Trent Bridge Nottingham", "Water Framework Directive Surface Water Classification Status and Objectives 2012 csv file", Photographs along the Trent in Nottingham from Nottingham21, Predictive Modelling of Multi-Period Geoarchaeological Resources at a River Confluence. A vestige of the saline marshes created by the brine springs that seep from the groundwater of the Mercia mudstones, the reserve contains salt tolerant species normally found on the coast, such as sea plantain, arrowgrass and milkwort. Yet Thames and Severne both in this come short of me, Lord Paget seems to have funded the work privately, building locks at King's Mill and Burton Mills and several cuts and basins. [89], In 1748, merchants from Nottingham attempted to end this monopoly by landing goods on the banks and into carts, but Fosbrooke used his ferry rope to block the river, and then created a bridge by mooring boats across the channel, and employing men to defend them. Henry Hotspur's speech complaining about the river has been linked to the meanders near West Burton,[23] however, given the wider context of the scene, in which conspirators propose to divide England into three after a revolt, it is thought that Hotspur's intentions were of a grander design, diverting the river east towards the Wash such that he would benefit from a much larger share of the divided Kingdom. The majority of these urban areas are in the upper reaches of either the Trent itself, as is the case with Stoke, or its tributaries. River Trent, courtesy of Richard Croft Free guides for fun days out Looking for a perfect place to picnic, relax, think, run, walk your dog and more, all for free? It is situated mainly on the west bank of the River Trent and on the Grand Trunk (Trent and Mersey) Canal. Downstream, the inflow of cleaner water from the Dove and then the Derwent meant that conditions improved enough to allow recreational coarse fishing in the lower reaches. For example, Birmingham lies at the upper end of the Tame, and Leicester is located towards the head of the Soar. Rugeley. What is the River Trent used for? Tolls decreased from 11,344 (equivalent to 1,060,000 in 2021),[93] during 1839 to 3,111 (equivalent to 310,000 in 2021),[93] in 1855. River Trent has been used as a migration corridor for the wading birds and wildfowl. This may explain the presence of the Romano-British element rid (cf. At this point, between Alkborough and Faxfleet the river reaches the boundary with Yorkshire and joins the River Ouse to form the Humber which flows into the North Sea.[11]. [125][129], Artificial changes along the Trent, due to navigation, farming, mineral extraction and drainage works, mean that much of the riparian landscape has been altered, reducing the amount of natural habitat. The river then continues south through the market town of Stone, and after passing the village of Salt, it reaches Great Haywood, where it is spanned by the 16th-century Essex Bridge near Shugborough Hall. An extra set of gates were added to Cromwell lock in 1935, effectively creating a second lock, while the Lenton to Trent Lock section was leased from the LNER in 1936, and ultimately purchased in 1946. Stone. [95], Although commercial use of the river has declined, the lower river between Cromwell and Nottingham can still take large motor barges up to around 150 feet (46m) in length[90] with a capacity of approx 300 tonnes. [20][21] The river's propensity to change course is referred to in Shakespeare's play Henry IV, Part 1: Methinks my moiety, north from Burton here, It was a Viking winter camp. Crossing a wide flood plain, the bridge is almost one mile (1.6km) long, a laborious project to allow flood waters to pass under it. "[10], The Trent rises within the Staffordshire Moorlands district, near the village of Biddulph Moor, from a number of sources including the Trent Head Well. [11], Downstream of Keadby the river progressively widens, passing Amcotts and Flixborough to reach Burton upon Stather and finally Trent Falls. [9] A traditional but almost certainly wrong opinion is that of Izaak Walton, who states in The Compleat Angler (1653) that the Trent is " so called from thirty kind of fishes that are found in it, or for that it receiveth thirty lesser rivers. The mighty River Trent is one of England's major rivers. [152] The last known catch was in 1902 near Holme, the fish was .mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}8+12 feet (2.6m) and weighed 250 pounds (110kg). [117] Angling clubs in Burton used the Dove or local lakes for fishing, as the Trent through the town was absent of any fish. [37], Sand, gravels and alluvium deposits that overlie the mudstone bedrock occur almost along the entire length of the river, and are an important feature of the middle and lower reaches, with the alluvial river silt producing fertile soils that are used for intensive agriculture in the Trent valley. For the Trent this proportion is lower, but with nearly half of low flows being made up of these effluent inflows, it is still significant. The new Ferry Bridge was opened in 1889, although it needed the financial support of the brewer and philanthropist Michael Bass to pay for the construction, and later in 1898 to purchase the existing ferry rights so that it became free of tolls. The central arches of the medieval Swarkestone bridge were knocked out by the great flood of 1795 and rebuilt, but the bridge's more rural location allowed large portions of the medieval bridge to survive and remain in use today. Up to 0.3 metres (1ft) of deposition could occur in a single season, and depths of 1.5 metres (5ft) have been accumulated over time at some locations. On the southern fringes of Stoke, it passes through the landscaped parkland of Trentham Gardens.[11]. [91], At the beginning of the 1790s, the Navigation faced calls for a bypass of the river at Nottingham, where the passage past Trent Bridge was dangerous, and the threat of a canal running parallel to the river, which was proposed by the Erewash and the Trent and Mersey Canal companies. There were, however, over thirty ferries that operated along its course, and numerous fords, where passage was possible, their locations indicated by the suffix ford in many riverside place-names such as Hanford, Bridgford, and Wilford. [48][50] [40] Once worked out, the remaining gravel pits which are usually flooded by the relatively high water table have been reused for a wide variety of purposes. . [29]:29[35], The less populous rural areas are offset by a number of large urbanised areas including the conurbations of Stoke-on-Trent, Birmingham and the surrounding Black Country in the West Midlands; and in the East Midlands the major university cities and historical county seats of Leicester, Derby and Nottingham. [100][101] key towns of river banniridescent telecaster pickguard. At Yoxall, the flow increases to 12.8m3/s (450cuft/s) due to the input of larger tributaries including the Sow and Blithe. [178] At one time these sites provided a quarter of the electricity needs of the UK, giving rise to the epithet 'Megawatt Valley'. [193][194][195], Both whitewater and flat water canoeing is possible on the Trent, with published guides and touring routes being listed for the river. A number of the smaller Trent tributaries are still named as warping drains, such as Morton warping drain, near Gainsborough. [115], The economic recession in the 1970s meant that there was a considerable contraction of heavy industrial sectors, reducing pollution loadings from factories and foundries. [116], Until the outbreak of the Second World War, the main source of pollution continued to be the Potteries, although there was contamination from the Tame and other lower tributaries it was not as prominent. Failure to raise much of the capital resulted in another Act being obtained in 1887, with similar aims and similar results. It flows through and drains most of the metropolitan central and northern Midlands south and east of its source north of Stoke-on-Trent. This combination can produce a water-logged catchment that can respond rapidly in terms of runoff, to any additional rainfall. The bridges at Wolseley, Wychnor and the main span at Swarkestone were all destroyed. Jan 1993 - May 202128 years 5 months. key towns of river bann. The native and migrant species are still spotted in River Trent where they live on the nature reserves and wetland areas. There is thought to be a complex succession of at least six separate gravel terrace systems along the river, deposited when a much larger Trent flowed through the existing valley, and along its ancestral routes through the water gaps at Lincoln and Ancaster. Efird Commercial Real Estate. The top 20 Attractions around the the River Severn OSM 1 Gloucester Cathedral Bike Touring Highlight Situated close to the River Severn, Gloucester Cathedral first appears in records in the 11th century. [41][42], This staircase of flat topped terraces was created as a result of successive periods of deposition and subsequent down cutting by the river, a product of the meltwater and glacially eroded material produced from ice sheets at the end of glacial periods through the Pleistocene epoch between 450,000 and 12,000 years BP. The major proposals included a cut and lock at Cranfleet, where the River Soar joins the Trent, a cut, locks and weirs at Beeston, which would connect with the Nottingham Canal at Lenton, and a cut and lock at Holme Pierrepont. Underlying the upper reaches of the Trent, are formations of Millstone Grit and Carboniferous Coal Measures which include layers of sandstones, marls and coal seams. [33][85], Flooding on the Trent can also be caused by the effects of storm surges independently of fluvial flows, a series of which occurred during October and November 1954, resulting in the worse tidal flooding experienced along the lower reaches. Many of the connecting waterways were bought by railway companies, and gradually fell into disrepair. February27February 27, 2023. key towns of river bann. 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