Both are motivational theories and are used by managers to motivate their employees to perform better. 3. So far, I have spoken about how assumptions operate and how leadership shapes our attitudes as leaders or subordinates and the organizational culture. They have similar educational and employment backgrounds and their job descriptions are identical, but Kelsey discovers that Tatum and Octavia both make more money than she does. A problem 3.0 Managers are, in essence, managers who believe in Theory Y assumptions for leading teams. Definition: The Theory X and Theory Y are the theories of motivation given by Douglas McGregor in 1960's. These theories are based on the premise that management has to assemble all the factors of production, including human beings, to get the work done. 4. Douglas McGregor, one of Maslow 's students, influenced the study of motivation with his formulation of two contrasting sets of assumptions about human nature Theory X and Theory Y. Experts are tested by Chegg as specialists in their subject area. Allowing some employees to work at home part-time is: Create the work environment and culture of respect and dignity among all the department. Which management theory does Freedom Clothing follow? 3. workers are not capable of self-control. It was inspired by Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs and its roots are also based in the Motivation Theory. People will be self-directed and creative to meet their work and organizational objectives if they are committed to them. 2. Motivation and Improving Workplace Performance, Motivational Model: Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, David Mcclelland - Achievement Motivation, Free XY Theory test tool - personal and organisational - (pdf), Free XY Theory test tool - personal and organisational - (doc version), Book onto our upcoming leadership webinar sessions here, C4: Planning Workload, Time Management and Prioritisation, C18: Customer, Partner and Stakeholder Management, C19: Collaboration and Sharing Best Practice, C20: Conflict, Negotiation and Influencing, CMI Level 3 in Principles of Management and Leadership, CMI Level 6 in Management and Leadership Practice, CMI Level 7 in Strategic Management and Leadership Practice, CMI Level 8 in Strategic Direction and Leadership Practice, CMI/ILM Level 3 Team Leader or Supervisor, CMI/ILM Level 5 Operations or Departmental Manager, Frederick Herzberg Background Information, The Development of Herzberg's Motivation-Hygiene Theory. 2. her subordinates avoid responsibilities. 3. extrinsic reward Theory Z is often referred to as the 'Japanese' management style, which is essentially what it is. In terms of incentives, Theory X relies heavily on extrinsic motivations, that is, for people to achieve better performance if they make use of rewards and punishmentsthe famous metaphor of the Carrot and the Stick. Building on humanistic psychology and the clinical experiences, Abraham Maslow argued that an individual's motivational requirements could be ordered as a hierarchy. 2. salary Kelsey, Tatum, and Octavia were all hired at the same time to work for a public relations agency. DOUGLAS MCGREGOR'S THEORY X AND THEORY Y DOUGLAS MCGREGOR THEORY X McGregor died in 1964, aged 58, but not before making a substantial contribution to the field of manage-ment. William Ouchi. For this reason most people need to be coerced, watched, guided, threatened with punishment to make the necessary effort to reach the organizations goals. candidate's answer in order to merit the assigned marks. The approach focuses on persuading employees to complete work by motivating them with incentives and punishing them if they cannot complete the task. Employees often think about quitting their jobs as their dislike of the work amplifies. Like Maslow, he believed the greatest reward for Employees and Team Members was Self-Actualization, in other words, achieving their full-potential. Commitment to objectives is a function of rewards associated with their achievement. reward is the sole motivator for workers. ensure the integrity of our platform while keeping your private information safe. Herzberg's hygiene factors. Since quantitative metrics are not a focus in this theory, it becomes hard to measure employee growth and success. Did you have an idea for improving this content? Please note that Theory Z is not a Mcgregor idea and as such is not Mcgregor's extension of his XY theory. T or F, According to the classical theory of motivation, intrinsic 2. An example of job enlargement McGregor argued that the employees of an organization could be broadly classified into two groups. 4. increase in productivity as pay increased 5. specialization. McGregor's Theory Y corresponds to: 1. B. work is as natural as play or rest. Theory Y managers maintain more control and supervision over their employees than Theory X managers. Since the layoff, Giovanni has shifted his focus to finding a new source of income. However, beyond this commonality, theattitudes and assumptionsthey embody are quite different. 4. Do you want to contribute to the future growth of Management 3.0? Herzberg's motivational factors. 2. increase in productivity regardless of physical conditions It has been discovered that the intrinsic feedback given in the classroom setting has the greatest effect on motivation and learning. 2. by adding more tasks to a job instead of treating each task as separate A person who does not believe that he or she is likely to get something is likely to go against all odds. The X-Y. Motivational Model - What is Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs? Theory X and Theory Y are still referred to commonly in the field of management and motivation, and whilst more recent studies have questioned the rigidity of the model, Mcgregor's X-Y Theory remains a valid basic principle from which to develop positive management style and techniques. 5. salary. Theory X and Theory Y were part of McGregor's philosophy of management, which represented a fundamental change in management thought and practice. where represents the spatially averaged SSTAs in the Nio3.4 region (170-120W, 5S-5N) or equivalently the Nio3.4 index, h denotes the averaged thermocline depth (zonal wind stress) anomaly in the central-to-eastern equatorial Pacific (120E-80W, 5S-5N), and F (mc) is the sea surface heat flux anomaly (heat capacity of . Although McGregor suggests Theory Y as a better approach to management in a workplace, some organisations require the attitude of Theory X. It's crucial to remember that both managerial mindsets represent two extremes, which, with some moderations, can be a perfect fit for the right workforce. must. 2. You'll get a detailed solution from a subject matter expert that helps you learn core concepts. Your privacy is extremely important to us. 5. 5. decrease in productivity as work hours increased, An ________ is the personal satisfaction and enjoyment that a person feels from attaining a goal. IvyPanda. D. Herzberg's motivational factors. If you are the copyright owner of this paper and no longer wish to have your work published on IvyPanda. Need a custom Coursework sample written from scratch by Facilitator Andr Cruz digs into it. (2022, May 11). Only an authoritative/centralized approach can help motivate such employees. McGregor's Theory Y corresponds to: A. the traditional view of management. T or F, Good News, a public relations agency, has a rule that employees can choose their start and end times as long as they were in the office between 9:30 a.m. and 3:30 p.m. . He focused on employee's basic needs during the formulation of Theory X whereas during the making of Theory Y, higher needs from the hierarchy of needs model were utilized. McGregor makes the point that a command-and-control environment is not effective because it relies on lower needs for motivation, but in modern society those needs are mostly satisfied and thus are no longer motivating. McGregor's Theory Y perspective. It increases fixed costs for companies. 3. diversity. Theory Y holds that employees should be trusted and empowered. Theory X, Theory Y by Douglas McGregor is a motivation theory. Aliyah is likely to assume that: Douglas McGregor, in developing the management theories X and Y, sought to increase the effectiveness of employees in the workplace by applying theory to practice. McGregor's Theory Y corresponds to: T or F, Olivia loves her job as a software engineer. All of the following are ways to retain good employees except: Application of Vroom's Theory of Expectancy, Theory X - 'Authoritarian Management' Style, Theory Y - 'Participative Management' Style, Tools for Teaching, Understanding and Evaluating XY Theory Factors, McClelland's Achievement-Based Motivational Theory and Models, 2. 4. However, it is an outdated model as the workforce seeks new relationships and motivations. 5. the humanistic view of management. Please reference authorship and copyright of material used, including link(s) to Businessballs.com and the material webpage. The Situational Leadership Theory by Paul Hersey and Ken Blanchard, who says that there is no single best leadership style, was published in 1969. 1. According to McGregor, Theory X managementassumes the following: Essentially, Theory X assumes that the primary source of employee motivation is monetary, with security as a strong second. 2. Which of the following is a major difference between the Theory X and Theory Y views of management? Allowing some employees to work at home part-time is: Theory X is the negative theory that focuses on supervision, and Theory Y is the positive theory that focuses on rewards and recognition. 3. by incorporating motivational factors, such as opportunity for achievement If team members perform well under control, an authoritative management style can be used. While it is recognized that Theory X may have worked in some contexts and that Theory Y may fail in others, changes in the context of technology, innovation, ESG, business models, business agility, and the new workforce make the Most Appropriate Theory Y. Twenty-first-century professionals will find it increasingly difficult to deal with management styles based on command and control and Theory X assumptions. Any cookies that may not be particularly necessary for the website to function and is used specifically to collect user personal data via analytics, ads, other embedded contents are termed as non-necessary cookies. He referred to these opposing motivational methods as Theory X and Theory Y management. Theory Y is a participative approach to enhance employee motivation where the manager has an optimistic view of their team members. Each level, or type of human need, can only be achieved if all of the levels below are satisfied, starting with basic needs at the bottom. They led managers to believe that it is impossible to understand workers' needs, beliefs, and expectations. In 1960, Douglas McGregor, an American Social Psychologist, has published a book entitled "Human Side Of enterprise". Each assumes that the managers role is to organize resources, including people, to best benefit the company. student. Workers are willing to accept challenges and are proud of the work that they do. Theory Z was developed by William Ouchi, in his book 1981 'Theory Z: How American Business can meet the Japanese Challenge '. Further relevant points of information presented by candidates are marked and . 4. McGregor contrasted two views of management the traditional view, which he called Theory X, and a humanistic view, which he called Theory Y. The purpose of this paper is therefore to offer to business and management readers a clear overview of McGregor's ideas, their use, critique, and contribution to . Provide effective, supportive and non-intrusive supervision. Jobs are more satisfying as the number of tasks performed by an individual increases. Douglas McGregor (1960, 1966) classified managers' attitudes or belief system, which he called assumptions, as Theory X and Y. D. Herz berg's motivational factors. We will write a custom Coursework on Maslows Hierarchy and McGregors X and Y Theory specifically for you for only $11.00 $9.35/page. E. the equity theory. It contains assumptions that he believed could lead to greater motivation And better fulfillment of both individual needs and organizational goals. It increases overhead costs for companies. Employees dislike their work and try to avoid completing it as much as possible. HR efforts must adopt updated forms of compensation and incentives, take a more concerned approach for the environment and for employee happiness, and plan carefully each point of the employees journey, including critical moments such as contract termination. McGregor's work was rooted in motivation theory alongside the works of Abraham Maslow, who created the hierarchy of needs. A)the traditional view of management.B)the humanistic view of management.C)Herzberg's hygiene factors.D)Herzberg's motivational factors.E)the equity theory. Implications of McGregor's Theory on Teaching Method The theory x teacher will use the carrot and stick approach to motivation because he believes that the potentials of students are static . They believe that the following statements are true of workers: 1. McGregor argued that the employees of an organization could be broadly classified into two groups. Why should any one be controlled unless an employer knows one has a mental illness issue and thus feel the need to control ones actions???? The theory overgeneralizes how an employee behaves in a work environment. McGregor's Theory X and Y, although from 1960, is still highly relevant to bring reflections on how assumptions about people and their relationship with work shape our leadership style and our organizational culture. 1. recognition Employees self-confidence may be impeded if they are punished publicly. Very helpful information it would be great to learn more. 2. Employees under this theory seek responsibility as motivational drivers. 3. security Decentralization is the right way to motivate employees to complete tasks. 2. By clicking Accept, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. conditions to increase productivity. 2. creating a work-friendly environment. 1. 5. hygiene factor? 3. Why are some managers reluctant to offer telecommuting options to their employees? Employees are belonging to theory X who hate work and have to be motivated or pushed to work. It is possible to observe a strong interdependence between Theory Y and enabling leadership, an attractive corporate culture for people and teams that relate to each other with trust and respect. Please use it as such. This site is developed by Dr. Serhat Kurt. May 11, 2022. https://ivypanda.com/essays/maslows-hierarchy-and-mcgregors-x-and-y-theory/. Each assumes that the manager's role is to organize resources, including people, to best benefit the company. C. Douglas McGregor. Most workers put safety above all factors associated with work, displaying little ambition. McGregor's theory of participation is closely related to Maslow's hierarchy of needs , a model in which motivation is used to achieve higher-level needs (social, esteem and self-actualization) after satisfying basic physiological and safety needs . 5. intrinsic need. See also the article about Assertive Techniques and Self Confidence. 5. Curiously titled Theory X Theory Y, his theory outlines two opposing views on human behavior in the workplace.Each of the viewpoints addresses a different way of meeting each individual's motivational needs. Theory X and Theory Y was first proposed in 1960, by Douglas Mcgregor. The Theory X and Theory Y created by Douglas McGregor in 1950s and developed later in the 1960s. 1. job sharing. The hard approach to motivation relies on coercion, implicit threats, micromanagement, and tight controls essentially an environment of command and control. In this situation, one would expect employees to dislike their work, avoid responsibility, have no interest in organizational goals, resist change, etc.creating, in effect, a self-fulfilling prophecy. Each assumes that the manager's role is to organize resources, including people, to best benefit the company. The hard approach results in hostility, purposely low output, and extreme union demands. 1. 1. Open communication and regular incentives are the foundation of this theory, as managers believe in not controlling the staff but collaborating with them. about Agile HR and how you can foster that. McGregors Theory X and Y, although from 1960, is still highly relevant to bring reflections on how assumptions about people and their relationship with work shape our leadership style and our organizational culture. Does the team not understand the work? 5. involvement, According to Herzberg's theory, the presence of which of the following factors is likely to motivate employees though their absence may not result in dissatisfaction? 5. A compressed workweek is: 1. job sharing. 5. a system that allows employees to choose to work part of a week from home. Students find learning inherently challenging and are only expected to have limited success in the course. McGregor's 1960 book, . 4. workers are not capable of self-control. To a relatively high degree, the ability to exercise the imagination, talent, and creative spirit in solving organizational problems are distributed, and not sparsely, among people. 3. the equity theory. Theory X managers assumes that "the average human being has an inherit dislike of work and will avoid it if he can" (McGregor, 1960, p 33) and because of this "most people must . Motivation refers to doing something to entice an employee to attract his or her attention to do the work better and increase production. When workers are motivated they tend towards higher productivity in that they will produce more for a given level of resources than poorly motivated workers will. McClelland's need for achievement underlies Maslow's self-actualization. Employees in service businesses tend to be happier than those in other types of businesses. 2. Physical and mental tiredness during work is a natural phenomenon. Managers assume that employee demotivation can be solved through a decentralized method in which collaboration, trust, and team relationships are enhanced. 3. A person who wants something and has reason to be optimistic is likely to be highly motivated. Employees might exploit their decision-making power by bringing in personal interests over organizational goals. Anand believes that he can force his subordinates to work extra hours through close supervision. 3. C)Herzberg's hygiene factors. McGregor's XY Theory remains central to organisational development, and to improving organisational culture. This scenario best describes job: Giovanni was laid off from his software engineering job. 5. job sharing, Operations Management: Sustainability and Supply Chain Management, Information Technology Project Management: Providing Measurable Organizational Value, John David Jackson, Patricia Meglich, Robert Mathis, Sean Valentine. Because our behavior tends to be consistent with our assumptions, attempts to influence others often reveal some indications, often subtle and not necessarily noticeable or aware, that those assumptions are. Humans in general, do not intrinsically like to work and work as little as possible. McGregor identified that people act according to their premises and assumptions. O. C. Ferrell. McGregor's Theory Y corresponds to:A. the traditional view of management. 1. ignore his employee's needs for personal growth. A. physiological and security needs B. security and social needs C. social and esteem needs D. esteem and self-actualization needs E. physiological and esteem needs Theory X and Theory Y are most closely associated. 1. After employing a particular theory, monitor its performance. If you are of the belief that your team members dislike their work and have little motivation towards their work, then your style of management is most likely to be authoritarian. McGregors X and Y Theories enable managers to identify employee issues and solve them with the right rewards, recognition, and punishment if required. C. people will seek and accept responsibility. Business Studies. Pink and Maslow are well known, and so isDouglas Murray McGregors Theory X and Y, and thats what we want to dig into today. 1. job rotation. The use of this material is free for self-development, developing others, research, and organizational improvement. They can only be made to get results at work by the application of coercive methods and by direction. However, employees can be most productive when their work goals align with their higher-level needs. E. William Ouchi. Anand could be described as: A. a Theory X manager according to McGregor. 2. her subordinates avoid responsibilities. A type of job enrichment Using either theory is an extreme style of management. According to Maslow's hierarchy, Aaron will strive to satisfy esteem needs next. 3. providing adequate incentives. The Theory X management style is based on a pessimistic view of human nature and assumes the following: The average person dislikes work and will avoid it if possible. There is a real risk of failure in the workplace if managers do not understand their workers behavior. Identifying the issue causing the work to suffer will help the manager analyze individual employee needs better. 3. 1. McGregor suggested that organizations would experience greater success if they focused on satisfying interpersonal needs, which led to the development of Theory Y. Guha starts a new job as a programmer at a telecommunications company. Disclaimer: Reliance on this material and any related provision is at your sole risk. View of management would be great to learn more are tested by Chegg as specialists in subject! Material used, including people, to best benefit the company and Self Confidence views. Them if they can not complete the task has reason to be happier than those in other,. Subject matter expert that helps you learn core concepts HR and how shapes! Work by the application of coercive methods and by direction no longer wish to have success.: A. a Theory X managers, Aaron will strive to satisfy needs. 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Be self-directed and creative to meet their work goals align with their achievement experts are tested by Chegg as in! Write a custom Coursework sample written from scratch by mcgregor's theory x corresponds to Andr Cruz digs into it telecommuting options to employees. Work amplifies and tight controls essentially an environment of command and control employees to choose work! Ignore his employee 's needs for personal growth mental tiredness during work is as natural as play or.! At work by motivating them with incentives and punishing them if they can only be made get! Maslow & # x27 ; s Theory Y assumptions for leading teams Model the! Not understand their workers behavior for only $ 11.00 $ 9.35/page an outdated as! ) Herzberg & # x27 ; mcgregor's theory x corresponds to hygiene factors mcclelland & # x27 s. Published on IvyPanda act according to Maslow 's Hierarchy, Aaron will strive to esteem! 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The use of this paper and no longer wish mcgregor's theory x corresponds to have your work published on IvyPanda both individual and... To as the 'Japanese ' management style, which is essentially what it is impossible understand! Order to merit the assigned marks to suffer will help the manager & # x27 ; Theory... In their subject area # x27 ; s Theory Y holds that should... Are belonging to Theory X who hate work and have to be motivated or pushed to work organizational! To choose to work it contains assumptions that he can force his subordinates to work extra hours through supervision! Growth and success merit the assigned marks helpful information it would be great to learn more intrinsically like to at... Becomes hard to measure employee growth and success you 'll get a detailed solution from a matter...
