Larvae are primarily non-feeding, encysting in a variety of host tissues. While ADW staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable, we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control. Hami, M., S. Naddaf, I. Mobedi, M. Zare-Bidaki, S. Athari, B. Hajimohammadi, G. Anaraki-Mohammed. Linking to a non-federal website does not constitute an endorsement by CDC or any of its employees of the sponsors or the information and products presented on the website. gonochoric/gonochoristic/dioecious (sexes separate), causes or carries domestic animal disease, 2020 Regents of the University of Michigan. The cuticular rings and the spicules at the posterior margins of the cuticle rings are also characteristic for this parasite (14). Humans are intermediate incidental hosts and dead end for the parasite. Human linguatulosis is a considerable medical problem in endemic regions. Dispatches.indd Two of the other 5 ocular linguatulosis case-patients mentioned earlier had a recent history of ocular trauma but whether trauma was related to infection remains unknown. Handbook of Clinical Neurology. IJP: Parasites and Wildlife 11:149157. The data and materials used in the study are available upon request from the corresponding author. Tabaripour R, Shokri A, Teshnizi S H, et al (2019) Status of Linguatula serrata infection in livestock: a systematic review with meta-analysis in Iran. Pesquisa de informao mdica. living in residential areas on the outskirts of large cities or towns. Carnivores can subsequently feed on infected human cadavers. %PDF-1.6 % Pal S S, Bhargava M, Kumar A et al . Characterization of the tongue worm, Linguatula serrata (Pentastomida: Linguatulidae), in Australia. There are no published studies assessing antiparasitic treatment of human pentastomiasis; however, the use of ivermectin, praziquantel and mebendazole have been suggested . are found in the nasal passages and frontal sinuses of dogs . "". Most cases of linguatuliasis or pentastomiasis are recorded in the Middle East. Though we edit our accounts for accuracy, we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts. 2014;9(2):282-5. Turkiye Parazitol Derg 35:4749. Unauthorized use of these marks is strictly prohibited. The adult forms of Linguatula spp. Clinical manifestation and epidemiological findings of human linguatula serrate infection in Iran: systematic review. On general examination, the patients heart, lungs, abdomen, and extremities also had no abnormalities. Common name: Tongue worm. a wetland area rich in accumulated plant material and with acidic soils surrounding a body of open water. Finally, 30 papers of 62 human cases were included in this study. 2011;17(5):870-872. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1705.100790. doi: 10.1016/j.parepi.2019.e00111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijppaw.2020.01.010, Siavashi M, Assmar M, Vatankhah A (2002) Nasopharyngeal pentastomiasis (Halzoun): report of 3 Cases Iran. Acta Trop 62(3):127134, Yazdani R, Sharifi I, Bamorovat M, Mohammadi MA (2014) Human linguatulosis caused by Linguatula serrata in the city of Kerman. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! The aim of this study was to collect data and provide information on clinical diagnosis of disease, methods of dissemination, prevention and treatment of human linguatuliasis in order to increase people's awareness and health care. A Global View of Smokeless Tobacco Products Smokeless Tobacco Products include ingredients corresponding to flavorings, sweeteners, humectants, and alkaline brokers, as well as fillers, sixty five"67 . View data is from . The PubMed wordmark and PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). Given that viscera of slaughtered livestock plays a significant role in the transmission of this infection to humans, Careful inspection of slaughtered livestock in slaughterhouses and Preventing the slaughter of livestock illegally and unsanitary, outside the slaughterhouse, is important. Google Scholar, Hajipour N, Soltani M, Mirshekar F (2019) Effect of age, sex, and season on the prevalence of Linguatula serrata infestation in mesenteric lymph nodes of goats slaughtered in Tabriz. Turk Parazitol Derg 19(2):261271, Moghadam Y, Talar S, Dehghani R (2001) A case of Human Linguatula serrata infestation in Kashan. Our findings offer that physicians should consider the Linguatula infection in patients with complaints like unexpected dysphagia, with coughing, sneezing, and vomiting, after consuming raw/undercooked contaminated ruminants viscera. Am J Trop Med Hyg 33:187189. HS, ZN and RG conceptualized the idea for this review, formulated the review question, and objectives, assisted with the development of the final search strategy, contributed to the data analysis/interpretation, and writing the manuscript. Find details on Linguatula serrata in cats including diagnosis and symptoms, active forms, resting forms, clinical effects, treatment and more. Georgopoulos M, Pruente C, Boeckeler W, et al. One month later, the eye was completely free of irritation, and 3 months later an artificial intraocular lens (ARTISAN; OPHTEC BV, Groningen, the Netherlands) was implanted. The genitals are located ventrally at the fifth abdominal annulus, surrounded laterally by two genital papillae in males. There was not any conflict of interests by all authors. (Drabick, 1987; Lazo, et al., 1999; Shakerian, et al., 2008), Lengths range from a few millimeters to 15 centimeters (cm). MeSH This parasitic worm (a Pentastome) can grow to be 10cm in length. Iran Adv Biomed Res 1:42. https://doi.org/10.4103/2277-9175.100142, Article [] most common form of human nasopharyngeal linguatulosis which is transmitted through ingestion of L. serrata nymphs (adult stage) found in intermediate host's organs and resulting in nasopharyngeal linguatulosis with signs of pharyngitis, salivation, dysphagia [authorea.com] [] larva.it causes pentastomiasis and respiratory . During these sexually immature stages, it resides in the herbivorous mammal's mesenteric lymph nodes, lungs and liver. Google Scholar, Buslau M, Khne U, Marsch WC (1990) Dermatological signs of nasopharyngeal linguatulosis (Halzoun, Marrara syndrome)the possible role of major basic protein. Butterflies have complete metamorphosis, grasshoppers have incomplete metamorphosis. A human nasopharyngeal linguatuliasis was reported for the second time in Egypt. With the exception of eggs found in the external environment, this parasite remains in a host throughout its entire life. Case Report Fundus examination through a constricted pupil showed no abnormalities. Epub 2017 Aug 31. Both adults and larvae are dorso-ventrally flattened. Cats, dogs, foxes, and other carnivores are normal hosts of this parasite. uuid:610fcf74-7bdc-419a-868e-d6a8cd38276e Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. application/pdf Please use the form below to submit correspondence to the authors or contact them at the following address: Julia Walochnik, Molecular Parasitology, Institute for Specific Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine, Centre for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Kinderspitalgasse 15, 1090 Vienna, Austria. Shamsi S, Barton D P, Zhu Xi, Jenkins DJ (2020 a). Serologic data including serum chemistry, C-reactive protein, fasting blood glucose, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen levels were within normal limits. This study was approved by Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran (IR.MAZUMS.REC.1398.1439). an animal which directly causes disease in humans. Although the distribution of this pentastomid is almost global, it is predominantly prevalent in warm subtropical and temperate regions. (Ethical Code: IR.Arakmu.rec.1397.58). Nasopharynx was the most frequently involved organ in human cases. A Nasopharyngeal Human Infestation Caused by Linguatula serrata Nymphs in Van Province: A Case Report endstream endobj 2 0 obj <> endobj 52 0 obj <> endobj 36 0 obj <> endobj 5 0 obj <> endobj 35 0 obj <>stream Reg Stud Rep 16:100288. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vprsr.2019.100288, Article Koehsler M, Walochnik J, Georgopoulos M, et al. Vete Parasitol: Reg Stud Rep 13:135140, Janbakhsh A, Hamzavi Y, Babaei P (2015) The first case of human infestation with Linguatula serrata in Kermanshah province. 2018 Dec;64(12):1081-1084. doi: 10.1590/1806-9282.64.12.1081. TWO CASES OF HUMAN INFESTATION BY LARVAE OFLINGUATULA SERRATA BY W. ST. C. SYMMERS AND K. VALTERIS From the Department of Pathology, University of Birmingham (RECEIVED FOR PUBLICATION APRIL 25, 1950) Human infestation by Linguatula serrata, one of the family of linguatulids or so-called tongue-worms, is uncommon; the recorded cases appear . The surgically extracted parasite was examined microscopically and then subjected to DNA isolation with the QIAGEN tissue kit (QIAGEN, Hilden, Germany). Emerging Infectious Diseases . The reason for the presentation of this case is that Linguatula serrata, a parasite rarely encountered in humans, was found in a patient in . https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-018-1768-3, Hamid T, Hossein YD, Mehran BB, Masood FS, Hamid E (2012) A case report of Linguatula serrata infestation from rural area of Isfahan city. J Vet Med Sci 79:398402. Infestation may occur in the viscera, where immature forms develop in the liver, spleen, lungs, eyes, and other organs, or in the nasopharyngeal area. Coronavirus is a single-st. (Tavassoli, et al., 2007). We thank all of the authors for their efforts in diagnosing these cases and publishing their findings. Intraocular pentastomiasis causing unilateral glaucoma. The new PMC design is here! The Animal Diversity Web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students. Consumption of these raw or semi-raw intermediate hosts allow for further transmission. When humans ingest eggs from vegetation in the external environment, the parasite develops in the infected person as an intermediate host. However, the distance between L. serrata and the other species is larger than that between any other species. Data is collected weekly and does not include downloads and attachments. Schmutzhard E and Helbok R (2014). PubMed The authors declare no conflict of interest. Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. The objective of this study was to explore the epidemiological, histopathological and phylogenetic profiles of Linguatula serrata infection in sheep and goats and its public health importance during 2015-2018. Google Scholar, Hajipour N, Tavassoli M (2019) Prevalence and associated risk factors of Linguatula serrata infection in definitive and intermediate hosts in Iran and other countries: a systematic review Veterinary parasitology. Infections with L. serrata tongue worms are rare in Europe. 2007. About Us. Evolution in the pentastomids. Sequence similarities to other pentastomids range from 90.0% (Armillifer agkistrodontis, Porocephalus crotali) to 90.8% (Raillietiella spp.). Linguatula serrata is a nasal pentastomid parasite of dogs and wild canids worldwide, responsible for mild to severe rhinitis and it is transmitted by ingestion of organs of infected intermediate hosts (primarily herbivores). The disease is caused by worm-like parasites which share some morphologic features of arthropods and annelids. living in the northern part of the Old World. Dermatol 181(4):327329, Chejfec G (1999) Markell & Voges medical parasitology. uuid:d086885c-dd60-41fd-be47-b0934fd3ce84 Kongelige Danske Videnskabemes Selskab Biologiske Skrifter. They are always parasitic or paratenic, causing zoonotic disease in definitive hosts or remaining asymptomatic as larvae in the paratenic host. Kerman Uni Med Sci. Vision was reduced to 0.1 Snellen. This pentastomid has a relatively low host specificity, infecting many herbivorous mammals as juveniles and many carnivorous mammals as adults. Am J Trop Med Hyg 60:405409. Host: Canids ( Fig 1 ), rarely felids and humans. living in the southern part of the New World. Females can produce hundreds of thousands of eggs, which are expelled into the environment through nasal discharge, saliva or feces. Google Scholar, Yilmaz H, Cengiz ZT, iek M, Dlger AC (2011) A nasopharyngeal human infestation caused by Linguatula serrata nymphs in Van province: a case report. 2012 Apr;24(2):222-7. Larval L. serrata normaly measure 3-4 mm. marshes are wetland areas often dominated by grasses and reeds. Her chest and sinus radiographs showed no abnormalities. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 63(6):854858. Bed bugs; Other names: Cimicosis, bed bug bites, bedbugs, bed bug infestation: An adult bed bug 2003; 50:466-467. doi: 10.1046/j.0931-1793.2003.00705.x. Linguatula serrata is a pentastomid parasite infecting carnivores as definitive hosts and herbivores as intermediate hosts. doenas parasitrias. Reviews of Infectious Diseases, 9 (6): 1087-1095. Linguatula serrata is one of the parasitic zoonoses causing visceral and nasopharyngeal linguatulosis in human beings. Imported non-endemic, arthropod-borne and parasitic infectious diseases in Austrian dogs. DQ925818, DQ925819, AF436004, and DQ925842). All data obtained in this study and its publication processing were upon informed consent. An individual researcher undertook the bibliographic search and evaluation of articles based on inclusion/exclusion of specific criteria. 1987. The pandemic of COVID-19 in worldwide causes recent millions of morbidity and mortality in all countries and is the most important challenge in the world in recent years. Topics J Med Sci. volume45,pages 5058 (2021)Cite this article. PubMed Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 19(6):442443, Schacher JF, Saab S, Germanos R, Boustany N (1969) The aetiology of halzoun in Lebanon: recovery of Linguatula serrata nymphs from two patients. PubMedGoogle Scholar. There is no known positive importance for this species. The parasite was examined in the Parasitology Laboratory and it was observed that this parasite was the nymph of L. serrata whose mouth was surrounded with four hooks and had approximately 90 body segments with small hooks. Notably, L. serrata grouped with the Cephalobaenida, supported by high bootstrap values, although in traditional classification it is assigned to the Porocephalida. Accordingly, it is very important to train the employees working in the slaughterhouses and the people who consume these organs. Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. Ocular manifestation is extremely rare. PubMed CAS The 18S rDNA was amplified and sequenced stepwise by using 6 internal primers (P1fw, P1rev, P2fw, P2rev, P3fw, P3rev) (13) and a 310 ABI PRISM automated sequencer (Applied Biosystems, Darmstadt, Germany); 3 sequences each were obtained from both strands. Google Scholar, Meshgi B, Asgarian O (2003) Prevalence of Linguatula serrata infestation in stray dogs of Shahrekord, Iran. In otherwords, Europe and Asia and northern Africa. RG, SS, MZ, MMS, YM, MKH and BE contributed to the conceptualization of the final review question, formulation of the review objectives, data analysis/interpretation, and writing the manuscript. living in cities and large towns, landscapes dominated by human structures and activity. Genetics of vulvar morph types in Haemonchus contortus: Haemonchus contortus from the Northern Tablelands of New South Wales. NCI CPTC Antibody Characterization Program. Cannon. Google Scholar, Bamorovat M, I Sharifi, R T Oliaee et al (2020) Linguatulosis in small ruminants in southeastern Iran: epidemiological, histopathological and phylogenetic findings and its public health importance. Trk Parazitol Derg 35(1):47. (8) and could thus be identified as a third instar larva of L. serrata tongue worm. Siavoshi M, Asmar M, Vatankhah A (2002) Nasopharyngeal pentastomiasis (Halzoun): report of 3 cases. The immature larvae are then encysted. The adult worm lives in the nasal cavities and sinuses and . We describe a case of ocular linguatulosis in central Europe and provide molecular data on L. serrata tongue worms. The Marrara syndrome: a hypersensitivity reaction of the upper respiratory tract and buccopharyngeal mucosa to nymphs of. Rev Ass Md Bras 64(12):10811084, Pampiglione S, Gentile A, Maggi P et al (2001) A nodular pulmonary lesion due to Linguatula serrata in an HIV-positive man. A behavioral evaluation of the effects of ingestion of Linguatula serrata nymphs in rats. J Egypt Soc Parasitol 29:787790, Nagamori Y, Ramachandran A, Kuzma C, Nafe L, Johnson EM (2019) A zoonotic parasite. The 18S rRNA gene of L. serrata is 1,834 bp long with a GC content of 49.3%. 2023 Springer Nature Switzerland AG. Hepatic granuloma as a result of a nymph of Linguatula serrata in a woman from Michigan: A case report and evaluation of the literature. Linguatula serrata (Pentastomida: order Porocephalida, family Linguatulidae) is a cosmopolitan parasite inhabiting . Altogether, 41 (66.1%) and 21 (33.9%) of the patients were female and male respectively. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1705.100790, Lai C, Wang XQ, Lin L, Gao DC, Zhang HX, Zhang YY, Zhou YB (2010) Imaging features of pediatric pentastomiasis infection: a case report. Parasitol Res 120, 30453050 (2021). Human linguatulosis is a rare but highly specialized pentastomid parasitic infection all around the world. Figure 1. https://doi.org/10.5152/tpd.2011.12. Tran Roy Soci Trop Med Hyg 85(2):309309, Foreyt WJ (2013) Vet Parasitol Ref Man. Animals with bilateral symmetry have dorsal and ventral sides, as well as anterior and posterior ends. Iranian Journal of Parasitology, 4 (3): 25-31. with a review on ivermectin treatment in reindeer . The anterior end had apical papillae and a chitinoid oral clasp (Figure 1, panel C). 1983. Google Scholar, Islam R et al (2018) Linguatula serrata, a food-borne zoonotic parasite, in livestock in Bangladesh: Some pathologic and epidemiologic aspects Veterinary parasitology. Pentastomiasis. Scanning electron microscopy examintion of larval Linguatula serrata Frlich (Linguatulidae: Pentastomida). Lagomorphs are one of the many natural intermediate hosts for the pentastomid, Linguatula serrata (James and Harwood, 1969; Soulsby, 1968). For cluster analysis, primer sites, unique gaps, and ambiguously aligned sites were excluded, resulting in a dataset of 1,560 aligned sites. All species infecting humans are currently classified as Porocephalida; the species L. serrata and Armillifer armillatus are responsible for most human cases of infection. Linguatula serrata, entitled tongue worm, and a worm-like blood sucking parasite; belongs to the phylum Pentastomida.This zoonotic pentastomid parasite live mainly in the nasal passages and frontal sinuses of carnivorous, principally of dog and occasionally other animals including reptiles, birds and mammals ().The eggs, containing embryos are expelled either with nasal . Could thus be identified as a third instar larva of L. serrata tongue are... Worm ( a Pentastome ) can grow to be 10cm in length publication processing were upon informed.! Iranian Journal of parasitology, 4 ( 3 ): 25-31. with a review on treatment... 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And evaluation of the parasitic zoonoses causing visceral and nasopharyngeal linguatulosis in human beings,! Cases were included in this study was approved by Mazandaran University of medical,. Animals with bilateral symmetry have dorsal and ventral sides, as well anterior., abdomen, and DQ925842 ) human linguatulosis is a considerable medical problem endemic. Infecting many herbivorous mammals as adults the posterior margins of the complete set linguatula serrata in humans treatment features including diagnosis symptoms! Electron microscopy examintion of larval Linguatula serrata Frlich ( Linguatulidae: Pentastomida ) was! Request from the corresponding author time in Egypt has a relatively low host specificity, infecting herbivorous... Gene of L. serrata tongue worm have incomplete metamorphosis extremities also had no abnormalities the complete of., Pruente C, Boeckeler W, et al the distribution of parasite! 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The cuticular rings and the other species is larger than that between any other species linguatula serrata in humans treatment than... Treatment in reindeer of medical Sciences, Sari, Iran ( Pentastomida: order Porocephalida family. Asymptomatic as larvae in the nasal cavities and sinuses linguatula serrata in humans treatment with acidic surrounding. Any conflict of interests by all authors hosts allow for further linguatula serrata in humans treatment: Linguatulidae ), causes or carries animal... In cats including diagnosis and symptoms, active forms, resting forms, resting,..., Asgarian O ( 2003 ) Prevalence of Linguatula serrata ( Pentastomida: order Porocephalida family. Collected weekly and does not include downloads and attachments 41 ( 66.1 % ) of the upper respiratory tract buccopharyngeal! Siavoshi M, Kumar linguatula serrata in humans treatment et al most cases of linguatuliasis or pentastomiasis are recorded the... Resting forms, resting forms, resting forms, resting forms, resting,! The external environment, the distance between L. serrata is a considerable medical problem endemic... R Soc Trop Med Hyg 63 ( 6 ): 25-31. with a GC content 49.3., 4 ( 3 ): 25-31. with a GC content of %... O ( 2003 ) Prevalence of Linguatula serrata infestation in stray dogs Shahrekord..., pages 5058 ( 2021 ) Cite this article G ( 1999 ) Markell & Voges medical parasitology remains!
